The questions courts decided. These are dated decision records, not a current docket or a tally of winners.
Sep 29, 2026United States · Third Circuit
Appeals court rejects ROSS’s fair-use defense
Headnotes used to train a competing legal-search toolRejection of the fair-use defense affirmed.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · Interlocutory appeal · partial summary judgment affirmed
Jun 25, 2025United States · N.D. California
Meta prevails on the authors’ training claim on this record
Books used to train LlamaMeta’s partial-summary-judgment motion granted; the authors’ competing motion denied.
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California · Cross-motions for partial summary judgment
Jun 23, 2025United States · N.D. California
Training and library acquisition receive different answers
Training copiesSummary judgment granted: this training use was fair.
Purchased print books converted to digitalSummary judgment granted on a separate fair-use rationale.
Pirated copies retained in a general-purpose libraryAnthropic’s summary judgment denied; the asserted fair-use justification rejected.
U.S. District Court, Northern District of California · Anthropic’s motion for summary judgment on fair use
May 18, 2023United States · Supreme Court
Magazine licensing favors Goldsmith on the first factor
Orange Prince licensed to illustrate a magazine about PrinceFirst factor favored Goldsmith; appellate judgment affirmed.
Supreme Court of the United States · Supreme Court review · first fair-use factor
Mar 7, 1994United States · Supreme Court
Commercial parody can qualify; the case goes back
Commercial song parody of Oh, Pretty WomanNo automatic bar: appellate judgment reversed and case remanded. Ultimate fair use was not finally determined.
Supreme Court of the United States · Supreme Court review · reversed and remanded
Keep the legal systems distinct.
A U.S. fair-use finding belongs to its court, facts and challenged use. Other jurisdictions retain their own questions and legal standards.